First Course Ding: Foundations (Chapters 1 To 4)

This section groups the first four randomized-experiment chapters:

• Chapter 1: Correlation, Association, and Simpson’s Paradox
• Chapter 2: Potential Outcomes
• Chapter 3: The Completely Randomized Experiment and the Fisher Randomization Test
• Chapter 4: Neymanian Repeated-Sampling Inference

These are the most direct ports in the entire book. They mostly need numpy, plotting, and occasional OLS fits.

1 What Is Covered

• marginal versus conditional comparisons
• treatment-effect heterogeneity and potential-outcomes algebra
• exact randomization distributions under sharp nulls
• repeated-sampling logic for the difference in means and Neyman variance estimators

2 Notes

• The pages in this section stay deliberately light on dependencies.
• They are the template for the rest of the Ding translation track: one self-contained Quarto page per idea, using crabbymetrics when estimation is actually needed.